If you’ve ever had that post-meal “uh-oh” moment where your stomach feels off, you’re not alone. For some, that discomfort isn’t just an occasional issue, it’s a recurring problem. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms affect millions of people and can have a big impact on their daily life.
From unpredictable bathroom trips to bloating that makes your jeans feel two sizes too small, IBS can be frustrating, confusing, and sometimes even embarrassing. But the good news? With the right knowledge and care, you can manage your symptoms and regain control.
To help break down what IBS is, how it affects the body, and what you can do about it, we spoke with Yana Cavanagh, MD, an Interventional Gastroenterologist at St. Joseph’s Health. Here’s what you need to know.
What is IBS?
IBS, or irritable bowel syndrome, is a common digestive disorder that affects how your intestines function. It’s considered a “functional disorder,” meaning that while the structure of the digestive tract looks normal, the way it works is out of balance.
“IBS is a condition that affects the large intestine and can cause a variety of uncomfortable symptoms,” explains Dr. Cavanagh. “It’s not dangerous, but it can disrupt your life if left unmanaged.”
Common Symptoms of IBS
IBS can look different for everyone, but some of the most common symptoms include:
- Abdominal pain or cramping that is often relieved after a bowel movement.
- Bloating and gas that makes your abdomen feel full or swollen.
- Diarrhea, constipation, or sometimes both as bowel habits can change frequently.
- Mucus in the stool is a less common but possible symptom.
“These symptoms tend to come and go over time,” says Dr. Cavanagh. “They’re often triggered by certain foods, stress, or changes in routine.”
Types of IBS: Which One Do You Have?
IBS isn’t one-size-fits-all. There are three main types, each with slightly different symptoms:
- IBS-C (Constipation-Predominant): If your stools are often hard, lumpy, and difficult to pass, you may fall into this category. Bloating and discomfort are also common.
- IBS-D (Diarrhea-Predominant): If you frequently experience loose, watery stools and feel an urgent need to use the bathroom, IBS-D might be the cause.
- IBS-M (Mixed Type): This type is a combination of both constipation and diarrhea. People with IBS-M alternate between the two, often with unpredictable patterns.
“Understanding which type of IBS, you have is important because treatment strategies can vary depending on your symptoms,” notes Dr. Cavanagh.
What Causes IBS?
The exact cause of IBS isn’t fully understood, but researchers believe it’s a combination of factors, including:
- Brain-Gut Connection: Your brain and gut communicate through a complex system of nerves. When this system is out of sync, it can affect how your intestines work.
- Muscle Contractions in the Intestines: Stronger or weaker contractions in your intestines can lead to cramping, bloating, and changes in bowel habits.
- Changes in Gut Microbiome: The balance of bacteria in your gut plays a big role in digestion. An imbalance can trigger IBS symptoms.
- Stress and Hormones: Emotional stress and hormone fluctuations, especially in women, can make IBS symptoms worse.
“IBS is a complex condition where multiple factors often play a role,” Dr. Cavanagh stresses. “That’s why it’s so important to look at the bigger picture when managing symptoms.”
How IBS Symptoms Affect Daily Life
Living with IBS can be physically uncomfortable, but it can also take an emotional toll. The unpredictability of symptoms can make it hard to plan meals, social events, and even workdays. Many people with IBS also experience anxiety or embarrassment about their condition, which can create a vicious cycle where stress worsens symptoms.
“IBS can be disruptive, but you don’t have to just ‘live with it,’” encourages Dr. Cavanagh. “With the right approach, you can manage your symptoms and feel more in control.”
Treatment Options: Managing IBS Effectively
There’s no one-size-fits-all treatment for IBS, but a combination of lifestyle changes, dietary adjustments, and sometimes medications can help.
Dietary Changes
What you eat can play a big role in managing IBS symptoms. Many people find relief by following a low-FODMAP diet, which eliminates certain fermentable carbohydrates, like wheat, dairy, and certain fruits and vegetables, that can trigger symptoms.
“Keeping a food journal can help you identify your personal triggers,” suggests Dr. Cavanagh. “Common culprits include dairy, gluten, and high-fiber foods, but everyone is different.”
Since stress can worsen IBS symptoms, practicing relaxation techniques can be helpful. Yoga, meditation, and deep breathing exercises can reduce stress and help regulate the gut-brain connection.
Medications:
In some cases, over-the-counter medications or prescriptions may be necessary. These might include:
- Antispasmodics to reduce cramping
- Laxatives or fiber supplements for constipation
- Anti-diarrheal medications for IBS-D
- Prescription medications designed specifically for IBS
When to See a Gastroenterologist
If you’ve been experiencing ongoing digestive discomfort, it’s time to talk to a specialist. While occasional bloating or stomach aches aren’t unusual, frequent or severe symptoms could indicate IBS or another digestive condition.
“Don’t ignore persistent symptoms,” Dr. Cavanagh recommends. “If you’re having trouble managing your discomfort or if it’s affecting your quality of life, it’s worth getting evaluated.”
A gastroenterologist can perform tests, rule out more serious conditions, and develop a personalized treatment plan to help you feel better.
Take Control of Your Gut Health
Living with IBS doesn’t have to mean constant discomfort or uncertainty. By understanding your triggers, exploring treatment options, and working with a gastroenterologist, you can take steps toward a healthier, more comfortable life.
If you’re experiencing chronic digestive discomfort, schedule a consultation with a gastroenterologist at St. Joseph’s Health today. Relief is possible, and we’re here to help.
