When 12-year-old Emily started noticing that her favorite backpack always slipped off one shoulder, she didn’t think much of it. But during her school’s annual health checkup, the nurse pointed out a slight curve in her spine and recommended a closer look. That’s how Emily and her parents learned about scoliosis — a condition that affects millions of people, especially children and teenagers. The good news? With proper care, most people with scoliosis can lead active, healthy lives. At St. Joseph’s Health, we’re here to walk you through everything you need to know about scoliosis, from what it is to treatment and recovery.
What is Scoliosis?
Scoliosis is a condition where the spine curves sideways, forming an “S” or “C” shape. While the spine has natural curves that help with balance and movement, scoliosis causes abnormal spine curvature, which can affect posture, mobility, and sometimes overall health. Arash Emami, MD, chairperson of orthopedics and spine specialist at St. Joseph’s Health, explains, “Scoliosis isn’t just about posture or the way someone stands. It’s a medical condition that requires monitoring and, in some cases, treatment to ensure it doesn’t progress or lead to complications.” Scoliosis typically develops during adolescence, the growth spurt years, between ages 10 and 15, but it can also appear in adults due to degenerative changes in the spine. It’s more common in girls than boys and can range from mild to severe.
What Causes Scoliosis?
For most cases of scoliosis, the most common being idiopathic scoliosis, the cause is unknown. Other types of scoliosis include:
Congenital scoliosis: Present at birth due to abnormal spine development in the womb.
Neuromuscular scoliosis: Linked to conditions like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy, which affect the nerves and muscles.
Degenerative scoliosis: Occurs in adults as a result of aging, arthritis, or spinal injuries.
Dr. Emami adds, “Although scoliosis often seems to come out of nowhere, genetic factors may play a big role, especially in idiopathic cases. That’s why it’s important for families to stay vigilant if there’s a family history of scoliosis.”
What Are the Symptoms of Scoliosis?
Scoliosis is often painless, especially in its early stages. That’s why it’s crucial to watch for signs, including: Uneven shoulders or hips A rib hump or prominence when bending forward One shoulder blade sticking out more than the other Clothes fitting unevenly In more severe cases, spinal curvature can cause back pain, difficulty breathing, or noticeable changes in body shape. Regular physical examinations can help detect this condition early and prevent progression.
How is Scoliosis Diagnosed?
Diagnosing scoliosis starts with a physical examination, often including the Adams Forward Bend Test, where the patient leans forward to make any spinal irregularities more visible. If scoliosis is suspected, advanced imaging tests are used for confirmation. At St. Joseph’s Health, we utilize state-of-the-art technology, including specialized full-body scans and X-rays, to accurately assess and measure the degree of spinal curvature. This comprehensive approach ensures precise diagnosis and tailored treatment planning.
The severity of spinal curvature is determined by the Cobb angle, which measures the degree of the spine’s curve: Mild scoliosis: Less than 20 degrees; Moderate scoliosis: 20-40 degrees; Severe scoliosis: More than 40 degrees. Dr. Emami emphasizes, “Early detection is key. Mild scoliosis might not require treatment, but monitoring is essential to ensure the curve doesn’t worsen.”
Scoliosis Treatment Options
Treatment for scoliosis depends on factors like the patient’s age, the severity of the curve, and the likelihood of progression. Here are the most common approaches:
Observation
For mild curves, regular checkups every 6-12 months may be all that’s needed. During these visits, doctors monitor the spine to ensure the curve isn’t getting worse.
Bracing
Bracing is typically recommended for children and teenagers with moderate scoliosis who are still growing. Modern custom braces are more comfortable and discreet than ever before, and they can prevent the curve from worsening. However, they don’t correct the curve. “Braces work best when worn as directed,” says Dr. Emami. “It’s a team effort involving the patient, their family, and their doctor to ensure success.”
Physical Therapy
Specialized exercises can strengthen the muscles around the spine, improve posture, and alleviate discomfort. Physical therapy is often combined with other treatments to maximize benefits. The St. Joesph’s team works closely with trained specialists who provide Schroth therapy, a non-invasive, exercise-based approach to strengthening muscles, improving posture, and reducing spinal curvature. This effective therapy empowers children to take an active role in their care.
Surgery
In severe cases, surgery may be required to correct spinal curvature and prevent complications. The most common procedure is spinal fusion, where two or more vertebrae are joined to stabilize the spine. For select cases, we offer non-fusion tethering, an innovative treatment that corrects the curvature while preserving spinal flexibility. This minimally invasive option is ideal for growing children, providing long-term benefits without the rigidity associated with traditional fusion surgery. We also specialize in selective fusion, a precise surgical method that stabilizes the spine while minimizing the number of vertebrae affected. Our skilled surgeons employ cutting-edge techniques to ensure optimal outcomes.
Dr. Emami explains, “Surgery is typically a last resort, but it’s highly effective for severe scoliosis. Advances in technology and techniques have made recovery faster and outcomes better than ever before. While fewer than 10 percent of children with scoliosis require surgery, our team is here to guide you through the decision-making process if it becomes necessary.”
What Does Recovery Look Like?
Recovery from scoliosis treatment depends on the type of intervention. For those using braces or physical therapy, adjustments to daily routines may be needed, but most people can continue their usual activities. Patients may spend a few days in the hospital, followed by one to two weeks of rest at home. Physical therapy is often part of the recovery plan to help regain strength and mobility. Most patients can resume light activities within 4-6 weeks and return to normal routines within 3-6 months. Full recovery may take up to a year.
Dr. Emami reassures, “With the right care and support, patients with scoliosis can recover well and thrive. Our team at St. Joseph’s Health is committed to guiding patients every step of the way.”
Living with Scoliosis
While scoliosis can feel overwhelming at first, it doesn’t have to hold you back. Many people with scoliosis lead active, fulfilling lives. Regular follow-ups, staying active, and building a strong support network can make all the difference.
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If you or someone you love is concerned about scoliosis, don’t hesitate to reach out to St. Joseph’s Health. Our specialists are here to provide expert care and compassionate guidance, helping you stand tall and live confidently.
