When it comes to our health, some illnesses are harder to catch early than others. Pancreatic cancer is one of these tricky diseases. Often called the “silent” cancer, it tends to sneak up on people because its symptoms aren’t obvious right away. But knowing what signs to look for, as well as what may increase the risk of developing pancreatic cancer, can make a big difference.
In this article, we’ll break down the key symptoms and causes of pancreatic cancer and share insights from one of St. Joseph’s Health’s specialists to help you stay informed.
Why Is Pancreatic Cancer So Hard to Detect?
The pancreas is a small organ located behind the stomach. It helps with digestion by producing enzymes and also releases important hormones like insulin to regulate blood sugar. Because the pancreas is hidden deep within the body, symptoms of cancer can be difficult to detect until the disease has advanced.
“Unfortunately, by the time people notice something is wrong, pancreatic cancer is often already in later stages,” says Derick Christian, MD, a hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgeon at St. Joseph’s Health. “That’s why awareness of the symptoms is crucial.”
Let’s start by looking at the most common symptoms.
Recognizing the Symptoms of Pancreatic Cancer
While some of these symptoms can be caused by other, less serious issues, it’s still a good idea to see a doctor if you notice any of these changes:
Abdominal Pain
One of the most common early signs of pancreatic cancer is pain in the abdomen or back. This pain can be dull and achy, or it may come and go.
Dr. Christian explains, “The pain often starts in the middle or upper abdomen and can spread to the back. Sometimes, people mistake it for indigestion or even back pain.”
Unexplained Weight Loss
Losing weight without trying can be a warning sign. Many people with pancreatic cancer notice that they’re shedding pounds without changing their diet or exercise.
“When the pancreas isn’t working right, the body can’t absorb nutrients from food as well, which can lead to weight loss,” Dr. Christian says.
Yellowing of the Skin and Eyes (Jaundice)
Jaundice, or yellowing of the skin and eyes, is another symptom. It happens when there’s a buildup of a substance called bilirubin in the blood. In cases of pancreatic cancer, the tumor can block the bile duct, preventing bilirubin from being processed properly.
“Jaundice is a symptom that often gets people to the doctor, as it’s very noticeable,” Dr. Christian explains. “Even if there’s no pain, jaundice should always be checked out.”
Digestive Issues
Digestive problems like nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite are also common. Some people might feel bloated after eating, while others may feel full sooner than usual.
Dr. Christian says, “These symptoms could also be related to other digestive issues, but if they persist, it’s a good idea to talk to your doctor.”
Dark Urine and Light-Colored Stool
When the bile duct is blocked, urine may turn dark brown, and stools may appear light or greasy. These signs might seem odd, but they can indicate something serious going on with the pancreas.
“Changes in stool and urine color are worth paying attention to, especially if they’re combined with other symptoms,” Dr. Christian says.
What Causes Pancreatic Cancer?
While the exact cause of pancreatic cancer isn’t known, certain factors can increase the risk of developing this type of cancer. Understanding these can help us make lifestyle changes to lower the risk, if possible. Pancreatic cancer risk factors include:
Age and Family History
Pancreatic cancer is more common in people over 60, though it can occur at any age. Having a family history of pancreatic cancer can also increase one’s risk.
“If a close family member has had pancreatic cancer, it’s worth mentioning this to your doctor, as they may recommend genetic counseling or testing,” says Dr. Christian
Smoking
Smoking is one of the biggest risk factors for pancreatic cancer. In fact, smokers are about twice as likely to develop pancreatic cancer as non-smokers.
“Smoking introduces harmful chemicals to the body, and the pancreas is one organ that can be affected,” Dr. Christian explains. “Quitting smoking, even later in life, can help reduce this risk.”
Chronic Health Conditions
Chronic pancreatitis, which is long-term inflammation of the pancreas, as well as conditions like Type 2 diabetes and obesity, can increase the risk.
“The pancreas is a delicate organ, and conditions that keep it inflamed or overworked can potentially increase the likelihood of cancer,” says Dr. Christian. “Managing these conditions can be an important step.”
Diet and Lifestyle
While diet alone isn’t a direct cause, diets high in red and processed meats, as well as processed and fried foods are linked to a higher risk of pancreatic cancer. Additionally, consuming a lot of alcohol can also increase your risk.
Dr. Christian encourages patients to “focus on healthy eating habits and regular exercise. Keeping a healthy weight, avoiding processed foods, and adding more whole foods – including fruits and vegetables – to your diet can support overall health and may reduce cancer risk.”
Genetics
Some genetic mutations are linked to pancreatic cancer. People with certain genetic disorders or mutations, such as BRCA mutations, may have a higher risk. Genetic testing can be helpful for those with a family history of cancer.
What Should You Do if You Notice Symptoms?
If you or a loved one notice any of these symptoms, don’t panic—but don’t ignore them either. Even though pancreatic cancer can be challenging to detect early, having a doctor examine unusual symptoms is always a good idea.
“Many of these symptoms could be linked to other health issues, but if they persist or worsen, it’s best to get them checked,” Dr. Christian says.
She also adds that getting regular health check-ups and managing existing health conditions can make a difference. “People who are proactive about their health, especially those with risk factors, can sometimes catch issues earlier, even when it comes to pancreatic cancer.”
Final Thoughts
While pancreatic cancer is often hard to detect in its early stages, knowing what symptoms to watch for can help. Abdominal pain, jaundice, weight loss, digestive issues, and changes in stool or urine color are all signs that could signal an issue.
By being aware of these signs, understanding the risk factors, and discussing any concerns with a healthcare provider, we can all take a step toward better health.
“Staying informed is key,” says Dr. Christian. “Understanding the symptoms and causes of pancreatic cancer is a powerful tool for anyone wanting to be proactive about their health.”
At St. Joseph’s Health, we’re committed to providing compassionate care and empowering our community to live healthier lives. If you or a loved one has questions about pancreatic cancer, don’t hesitate to reach out to one of our specialists. We’re here to support you every step of the way.
