As seasons change and sniffles become more common, distinguishing between allergies, COVID-19, the common cold, and the flu can be essential. While many of the symptoms overlap, there are key differences that can help you make an informed judgment. Bijal Sheth, MD an experienced family physician, provides her expertise to guide you.
Allergies: Itchy Eyes and Sneezing
Allergies are your body’s reaction to substances like pollen, pet dander, or dust mites. The key giveaway for allergies is itching. Dr. Sheth explains, “If you’re experiencing itchy, watery eyes, and bouts of sneezing, it’s more likely allergies. You might also have a runny or stuffy nose.”
COVID: Severe Cold and Flu Symptoms
With the new strains of COVID, symptoms have evolved to mimic those of all bad cold or flu. Dr. Sheth advises, “COVID no longer starts with a loss of taste or smell. Today’s COVID can include sore throat, body aches, headaches, sinus pressure, runny nose, fatigue and a fever. It is getting harder to differentiate with flu as they present very similarly.” If you experience these symptoms, be sure to get tested for COVID.
Cold: Gradual Onset, Mild Symptoms
Colds are typically less severe than the flu and COVID-19. Dr. Sheth says, “A cold comes on gradually and is often milder. You might have a sore throat, a runny or stuffy nose, and a cough, but often, you may feel well enough to go about your daily activities.”
Flu: Sudden Onset, High Fever
Influenza, or the flu, tends to hit hard and fast. Dr. Sheth notes, “The flu often comes on suddenly with a high fever, body aches, fatigue, and a dry cough. You might also have a sore throat and a runny nose, but the fever is a defining characteristic.”
Shared Symptoms: Cough and Fatigue
While allergies, COVID-19, a cold, and the flu do have unique features noted above, the overlapping symptoms of cough and fatigue can create confusion. However, the presence of a fever and the duration of the symptoms can help you make an informed decision about your health.
Fever: A Crucial Clue
Fever is a significant indicator of illness, but its presence and intensity can help you differentiate between these conditions. COVID-19 and the flu often come with high fevers, while a cold typically results in a mild or no fever. Allergies do not typically cause fever.
Duration of Symptoms
The duration of your symptoms can also be telling. Allergies can persist for weeks or months, while a cold usually lasts for about a week. The flu can range from a few days to a couple of weeks, and COVID-19 symptoms can linger for an extended period.
Should I Test?
When in doubt, it’s always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional and get tested, especially in the case of COVID-19. Dr. Sheth emphasizes, “Testing is crucial to confirm the presence of COVID-19, and it’s the only way to be sure. Consult your doctor for guidance and testing when needed.”
Regardless of the condition, prevention is vital. Dr. Sheth’s advice is simple: “Practice good hand hygiene, wear masks when necessary, and maintain social distance to reduce the risk of contracting or spreading illnesses. Get vaccinated for the flu and follow recommended vaccination schedules.”
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