Allergies, COVID-19, Cold, or Flu: How to Tell the Difference

Allergies, COVID-19, Cold, or Flu: How to Tell the Difference

As seasons change and sniffles become more common, distinguishing between allergies, COVID-19, the common cold, and the flu can be essential. While many of the symptoms overlap, there are key differences that can help you make an informed judgment. Bijal Sheth, MD an experienced family physician, provides her expertise to guide you.

Allergies: Itchy Eyes and Sneezing

Allergies are your body's reaction to substances like pollen, pet dander, or dust mites. The key giveaway for allergies is itching. Dr. Sheth explains, "If you're experiencing itchy, watery eyes, and bouts of sneezing, it's more likely allergies. You might also have a runny or stuffy nose."

COVID-19: Loss of Taste and Smell

The coronavirus pandemic has taught us to be vigilant about symptoms that could indicate COVID-19. Dr. Sheth advises, "COVID-19 can start with a loss of taste or smell, and it's often accompanied by a fever, cough, and shortness of breath. If you experience these symptoms, especially the loss of taste or smell, get tested."

Cold: Gradual Onset, Mild Symptoms

Colds are typically less severe than the flu and COVID-19. Dr. Sheth says, "A cold comes on gradually and is often milder. You might have a sore throat, a runny or stuffy nose, and a cough, but often, you may feel well enough to go about your daily activities."

Flu: Sudden Onset, High Fever

Influenza, or the flu, tends to hit hard and fast. Dr. Sheth notes, "The flu often comes on suddenly with a high fever, body aches, fatigue, and a dry cough. You might also have a sore throat and a runny nose, but the fever is a defining characteristic."

Shared Symptoms: Cough and Fatigue

While allergies, COVID-19, a cold, and the flu do have unique features noted above, the overlapping symptoms of cough and fatigue can create confusion. However, the presence of a fever and the duration of the symptoms can help you make an informed decision about your health.

Fever: A Crucial Clue

Fever is a significant indicator of illness, but its presence and intensity can help you differentiate between these conditions. COVID-19 and the flu often come with high fevers, while a cold typically results in a mild or no fever. Allergies do not typically cause fever.

Duration of Symptoms

The duration of your symptoms can also be telling. Allergies can persist for weeks or months, while a cold usually lasts for about a week. The flu can range from a few days to a couple of weeks, and COVID-19 symptoms can linger for an extended period.

Should I Test?

When in doubt, it's always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional and get tested, especially in the case of COVID-19. Dr. Sheth emphasizes, "Testing is crucial to confirm the presence of COVID-19, and it's the only way to be sure. Consult your doctor for guidance and testing when needed."

Regardless of the condition, prevention is vital. Dr. Sheth’s advice is simple: "Practice good hand hygiene, wear masks when necessary, and maintain social distance to reduce the risk of contracting or spreading illnesses. Get vaccinated for the flu and follow recommended vaccination schedules."

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